Capital Structure of CNG Travel Group PLC Case Study

Capital Structure of CNG Travel Group PLC - Case Study Example It is audited by KPMG LLP. The auditor's opinion states that the financial statements including the balance sheet and income statement as shown in here is unqualified. This is the best opinion that an auditor can give. The officers of the company are Chief Executive Officer and Director Finbarr Power (50 yrs old) and Chief Executive Officer of CNG USA, Inc., Director Zara Stassin (33 yrs old), Chief Executive Officer Director P.J.King (36 yrs old) and Secretary Brendan Delaney. The number of employees is around 130 more or less due to hiring and firing turnovers as of December 31, 2004. It has 63,089,690 outstanding shares as of December 31, 2004. Its stocks are traded in the SEA. Website (http://www.crmz.com/Report/ReportPreview.aspBusinessId=7116219) Other suitable alternative instruments, aside from offering its shares of stocks to the general public in a stock exchange, We can also invest our excess and idle money from the income generated from our successful travel and personal or EDP services is to transfer them to invest in foreign exchange. We can invest cash in a volatile currency like US dollar, Japanese Yen or Euro-Dollar among other currencies. When it is volatile that means there is constant increase or decrease in the dollar or other currency value. The general rule is we buy at "low" market price and sell it at a "higher" market price. We gain in foreign exchange transactions by this method. This is what is termed currency futures. When we want the currency delivered to us, in the FUTURE, then it will be delivered. We call this currency FUTURES trading. Other financial instruments that we can invest the excess or idle cash generated from daily gains in its travel and EDP services are a) investment in bonds. In here, loan money to another individual or company where you will be paid in the future. You earn interest income usually higher than the legal rate. You will be paid back both the principal or original amount that you loaned plus the additional interest income that earned for allowing the other party to use your idle cash in their pursuit of income generating options. You are a creditor in this type of financing service. In the present financial setup, the company capital or stocks are offered to the public at volatile stock market prices. The stockholder is a part owner of the business. Other financial instruments, but on a short or less than one year, the transaction is putting your money in Treasury bills. These are usually issued by the government to help generate much-needed funds for its daily operations of running the b usiness of nation-building. Another financial investment opportunity is to deposit them in banks to earn interest compounded daily.

Can laws influence incidence of chronic illness Essay

Can laws influence incidence of chronic illness - Essay Example Enacting laws is one of the methods that can help stop the prevalence of obesity and chronic diseases. This paper will look at the how enacting laws can help reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases and whether enacting such laws is ethical. A recent research suggests that cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable deaths (Meetoo, 2010). However, this is despite the various public awareness efforts and the laws that have been enacted over the years to stop this. Obesity and chronic diseases are likely to be the leading causes of preventable death in the future if proper measures are not taken to address this menace (Meetoo, 2010). The United States of America government over the years has enacted strict laws to help reduce cigarette smoking. The tobacco control act is one of such legislations whose main aims include; making tobacco products more expensive, preventing people from starting using tobacco and helping those already using tobacco products to stop. These laws have had a small effect on controlling the use of tobacco products. However, this effect cannot go unnoticed, as it has helped save many people’s lives. The government should embark on enacting laws to help reduce the prevalence of obesity and chronic diseases. In addition to raising public awareness on the issue, laws will go a long way in reducing the prevalence of chronic diseases and ensure it does not become the leading cause of preventable death. The laws should mainly target at the marketing strategies used by fast food outlets, branding and labeling of fast foods. The sale of soft drinks and fast food products around and in schools should also be prohibited. The government should also make sure that nutritious foods are subsidized to make sure they are affordable regardless of one’s economic status (Meetoo, 2010). Is it ethical to enact laws that are aimed at

Factors which affect international trade operation in Africa

Factors which affect international trade operation in Africa The International Day of peace which was established by a U.N resolution in 1982, and is marked every year on September 21, is a global even whose activities are significant in highlighting the worldwide efforts towards conflict resolution and peace building.[Diaspora 2008] This day is more concern with African continent which most of place conflict have taken place. That there are troubles in Africa for quite decades even after several countries in the continent went through change from colonialism to self-government, is not a deniable reality. 2.0 Political Stability in Africa As described in the first essay, country with political stability, donors will trust that country and they will invest a lot. The larger company can transfer they investment to that country, also investor can return their profit back to the communities, and will boost the sectors which it almost died of is in bad shape. Country with political stability economy will grow; this is due to investor will invest more as long as they feel secure on their investment. People of the respect country will be benefited by get knowledge which transferred from the investors. Countries that can produce a product at the lowest possible coast will be able to gain a larger share in the market. Therefore an incentive to produce efficiently arises. This will help standards of the product to increase and consumers will have a good quality product to consume. More employment could be generated as the market for the countries goods widens through trade. International trade helps generate more employment through the establishment of newer industries to cater to the demands of various countries. This will help countries bring down their unemployment rates. However it could lead to a more rapid depletion of exhaustible natural resources. As countries begin to up their production levels, natural resources tend to get less. 2.1 Assessment of political stability on international trade in Africa 2.1.1 Peace and Stability Tanzania is one example of the country among sub Saharan Africa which economic and political stability is stable. Multi party democracy adopted in 1992 has not disturbed the peaceful political climate of the country. This is why FDI are very interested with country situation and invest a lot on different sectors, such as Mining Industries, beverage industries, telecommunications companies, NGOs and so on. 2.1.2 Labour skills and availability International Trade is doing well; this is because of access to skilled labour which is a key priority for companies competing in African economies. Tanzania has a long term commitment to make sure development on training and educated specialists is going well. The government put more budget of education sector in order to improve education and improve human capabilities and encourage technology transfer as a precondition for enhancing productivity of investment and attaining the desired level of competitiveness. [http://www.tic.co.tz/] 2.1.3 Private sector development Tanzania has notable itself among of few African countries that have thoroughly transformed their economies. Achievement of these reforms is imitated in the countrys strong macroeconomic fundamentals every time increasing growth rates, consistent falling inflation and increasing inflow of FDI. One of the factors that contributed to this achievement is the countrys unwavering commitment to build a strong private sector. [http://www.tic.co.tz/] 2.1.4 Infrastructure Facilities Tanzania put infrastructure as one of the key investment drivers of country is trying very hard to improve. 2.1.5 Stable Macroeconomic performance Tanzania had been caring out successful economic and structural reforms, which have improved economic performance and sustained growth. These achievements are based on solid foundations of political and economic reform undertaken by the government since 1986, placing Tanzania in a position where a prolonged period of high GDP growth rates is expected. In additional, Tanzania has a stable fiscal regime with sustainable level of inflation. [http://www.tic.co.tz/] 3.0 Political Instability in Africa overview Regarding political instability in African Country, it is also undeniable that African continent has gone thru some tough situation during fifty years past. But the fact is almost African cases regarding political instability the major cause of problem is leadership. And because of this African freedom heroes come to dictators, while African natural resources, politics of elimination and scarcity to slope the balance of authority continues to control the public globe. Moreover, these difficulties have been pointed out due to ordinary Africans leaders who already edged and they dont want to retire. Political instability in Africa may be obliged much of its reason to internal factors, though the interpenetration of internal and external aspect especially geo-political and economic comfort of the international community always play a major role in undermining the vey procedure and society that are expected to care for democracy and to inspire a sense of stability for community development in Africa. In combination to such issues as unequal development, poverty, disease, violence and the scheming tendencies of the local best, political and economic stability in Africa is continually under threat is though not emanating from inside the continent but as of external interests whose dryness for African resources, continue to figure the dynamics in areas connected to governance. Resources in Africa if fine managed are able of providing for its entered population, therefore the potentials for an extra stable environment, nevertheless, it is well recognized that stolen riches from Africa n frequently end up in banks abroad. [African Focus Bulletin, 2006], exist it money stolen by the political selected (case of Mobutu of Zaire, Abacha of Nigeria, and Moi of Kenya, just to state a few or the current Kibaki regime Anglo-leasing scandals in Kenya), they still end up in banks in the western capitals. 3.1 Africans leadership problem and political instability The African political instability and former related problems is basically an outcome of its leadership trouble. African governments are run in ways that have been staring as far from the modern western state structure [Osei Tutu, 2004] Domestic issues play a major role in the changeover. These domestic issues frequently variety as of corrupt rulers, repressions, a majestic legacy, distended states, and inadequate political structures and an obliteration of democracy [diamond, Linz, and Lipset 1989; Diamond and Plattner 1999]. However, the international framework often plays a vital role in both the changeover in general and the attendance of violence in exacting [Lupo, 2004] 3.2 Africans economy and political instability Despite the miserable predictions, most African economies are exploiting well even though a few country cases are still experiencing hard times in terms of political stability, economic growth and challenges posed by poverty and diseases, trade quantity and foreign investments have enlarged over time. However the political instability in Africa, which as well underpins the economic development frequently, has strong associates to internal and external distinctive interests time and again. Africas resource in this case has never been its approval, but a nuisance. These is no justification for the under development of the continent even as it sits on huge natural resources. [Rodney, W. (1981)] 3.3 Africa Political violence and political instability As an effect, the legitimate frameworks and state institutions have been meddle with, in order to generate an uneven play field alongside the opposition. Some of these procedures have seen irregular violence during electioneering era, leading to political instability. However the level of violence and the mode in which they are perpetrated differ from country as the recent elections in Uganda, Nigeria, Kenya and Zimbabwe can illustrate. [Mahamoud, 2006:15] With a lot of countries holding their third or fourth multi-party elections, internal power struggles have engaged a cruel dimension, thereby intimidating the very existence a lot of countries. Since the beginning of multi-party democracy in mainly African countries electoral procedures have been go together with political violence, as part of the democratisation process [Lupo, 2004; Huntington,1991]. Most violence is such cases are often state supported, to the advantage of the incumbent, while a variety of groups that hike for state power also intensely hired violence, in the form of informal groups, militias and gangs. In the circumstance of all the violence, it is the normal people who loose out in terms of lives and property. The calamity is that the political conflict is not about substitute political programmes that could address the main problems such as poverty, disease and illiteracy, but only a fight over who has right to use the state resources.[http://www.country-details .com/africa/zimbabwe-economy.php] 4.0 Analysis 4.1 International Trade within Political Instability in Africa Country with political instability will be hard for investor to invest. This is due to situation is not good for them. However other investors are attracted with situation and take advantage for the situation by starting to make business. The International companies who are suppliers of guns and weapon will their time to sell and pray to God situation remain the same for sack of the business. People killed each other but investors they dont care as longer they doing business. In other part they may support that conflict by provide some money for other part to make them be able to fight other side and war continue. So as we can see one side they will be in trouble due to the investments been destroyed in the war because of political instability, and other side they will be benefited. Some of countries remain poor because of political instability. This could be ethnic tension, tribalism or all out war. Country such as Zimbabwe, Somalia, Rwanda and others they involved with long-term conflicts, they have a little chance of developing. Some countries also crash ethnic divides that are a constant distraction de-stabilizing the region and end up of discouraging investment, one example is Sir Lanka. 4.2 Assessment of political instability on international trade in Africa There are often political factors involved in why some of African country such as Zimbabwe, Somalia Sudan, Ethiopia, and Burundi and other suffers. This is due to bad government. Governments need to do a lot of things to encourage development, they need to build and maintain infrastructure and raise and spend finance wisely on the right projects. When governments are inept at managing infrastructure, development is impossible. Nobody wants to build a factory in a city where the power could go out at any time. Zimbabwe and other mentioned country should do the same and also needs to set up their laws and business practices in a way that encourages investment. Some of the Factors which affect international trade operation in Africa Corruption International Trade Trade Laws Political Instability Corruption Corruption is something which frustrating, disheartening and fundamentally disempowering investors. When government become loose on the simple process such as customs officials which everyone knows about, it end up of make life difficult to investors and business in general. In African countries this is common and is needs to be stopped and my country tried very hard to make it happened. [makewealthhistory n.d] Trade Laws Trade Laws it is largely a political matter. Sir Walter Raleigh famously said whosoever commands the trade of the world commands the riches of the world and hence the world itself Political instability Political instability plays a role in why some countries like Somalia and others remain poor. This could be ethnic tension, tribalism, or all out war. Needless to say, countries with long-term conflicts such as the ones in Somalia or Afghanistan have little chance of developing unless otherwise. [makewealthhistory n.d] I tried to make research for some of the African countries as follow SOMALIA Somalia involved with war since of Siad Barres regime in 1991. A lot of people in Somalia suffered due of conflict which causes long-term impact of disturbed peace, security and stability also development. This conflict cause a lot of problem and continued loss of life which end up of intermittent fighting, famine, displacement of persons and the resultant flow of refugees. The conflicts affect also neighbors countries such as Kenya, Ethiopia and Djibouti, due to proliferation of small arms, huge influx of refugees many of whom are ex-soldiers its criminal target. Overall Somalia politically is unstable. After the collapse of the Somali government various factions decided to vie for control of Somalia, which resulted in chaos, clan warfare, and interplant fighting. Although Somalia is not as lawless as it was at the time when Barre as ousted Somali factions still continue to fight for control of the territory. Somalia is a much divided national that lacks any sense of cohesive government and therefore there is no real overall ideology of the country. Somalia is attempting to stabilize many of the internal conflicts that continue to prevail in the country along with attempting to create a political ideology and a foreign policy. Political uncertainty its like nightmare to investors. It does disturb FDI (foreign Direct Investment) flow of their investment plan together with private sector and economic growth because government owned those public sector units as well. If happened that country faced unstable political, many this goes wrong. In situation like this no investor will be interested to invest in Somalia Land. This is due to political instability which put FDI in hard situation to invest. This conflicts cost the horn Africa countries deeply in terms of security due to increase of groups of arms, due to influx of refugees and lost trade. However international and regional organizations such as the UN (United National) and IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority for Development) have come between for the aim of bring peace in the war torn country. According to [BBC conversation 29th December 2010 thru radio] American tried to make peace there but they failed due to Somalia arm group come together and fight American. Somalia is one of the nations that has struggled and still does today in order to function well. It is one of these are rare places where there is ongoing civil war and it has no central government. Somalia is in a state of anarchy because it had problems after their president got assassinated in 1969, it has many economic problems, and native clans in Somalia are constantly fighting with their foes. If Somalia can solve these problems, it will be able to function very well and gain a government that will suite them well. UGANDA Another example is Uganda country. Iddi Amin President by then ruled the Government to manage all of Asian investors properties and commanded them to leave the country in short notice. This was applied to all whites investors, and even rich black. This was real bad to investors. Due to dictatorship mode of government the country came down economically and eventually to poor position. After war he decided to attack neighbor country which is Tanzania and caused a war. Situation become worse, Tanzania and Uganda war rendered Tanzania economy to fall drastically. It takes time for Tanzania to recover due to many country resource used on that war. Frankly it will be difficult for investors to withstand in violence countries. Economic growth needs political stability which will attract investors to invest in a particular country. BURUNDI Another example is Rwanda and Burundi. People killed and neighbor countries also affected due to the guns and other dangerous tools goes to them and used for robbed and so on. Rwanda war was so bad because it was tribe war (within Rwandas people). It was very difficult for investor to invest there or do international business there. They so cruel killed themselves, kill religion leaders and so on. Lets look at Zimbabwe; Mugabe makes things worse thereby take away the investors investments which most of them was farm. Those investors were doing very well on that sector. Mugabe was trying to divide the land to the Zimbabwe farmers without knowing that they dont have money to invest there and at the end they fail to run the business. Look at Zimbabwe now is terrible. There was violence which has badly hurt the commercial agricultural sector the traditional cause of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, revolving Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. The EU and the US give food aid on humanitarian foundation. Badly needed bear from the IMF has been suspended as of the governments arrears on long-ago loans and the governments unwillingness to ratify reforms that would become stable the economy. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe normally prints money to fund the budget deficit, causing the official annual inflation rate to rise from 32% in 1998, to 133% in 2004, 585% in 2005, passed 1000% in 2006, and 26000% in November 2007, and to 11.2 million percent in 2008. In the meantime, the official exchange rate chop from approximately 1(revalued) Zimbabwean dollar per US dollar in 2003 to 30,000 per US dollar in September 2007[ country-details n.d] Many people in Zimbabwe they dont have jobbed, currency is in bad shape due to inflation. Before Mugabe took land from investor, people were employed on that industry, the difference from now there is no job due to those who given that land they dont have money to run the business. Zimbabwe is other country which has political problem. Zimbabwe is the second highest HIV infection fate, per capita, in the world. Zimbabwe has experienced the breakdown of law and order, unemployment of 65%, inflation104%, the collapse of the economy and the health delivery system. Human rights abuses in the form of violence and rape have continued unabated and are carried out with impunity by the ruling party activists. Voices against basic human rights abuses speak at great personal risk. It has been established that the effects of the current situation have impacted negatively on the health and well being of the people through increased stress, little or no access to primary health care facilities, unemployment, hyper-inflation and a general sense of helplessness and hopelessness. All this is due of political instability. [gateway n.d] Zimbabwe there are group of people have good life, but majority are not enjoying anything. They have very difficult life. Most of people they live in poverty and cause of anger among them towards government. These anger cause political instability and end up of forming crime revolutions and so on. [wiki.answers n.d] INFLATION-ZIMBABWE Zimbabwean inflation rates (official) since independence Date Rate Date Rate Date Rate Date Rate Date Rate Date Rate 1980 7% 1981 14% 1982 15% 1983 19% 1984 10% 1985 10% 1986 15% 1987 10% 1988 8% 1989 14% 1990 17% 1991 48% 1992 40% 1993 20% 1994 25% 1995 28% 1996 16% 1997 20% 1998 48% 1999 56.9% 2000 55.22% 2001 112.1% 2002 198.93% 2003 598.75% 2004 132.75% 2005 585.84% 2006 1,281.11% 2007 66,212.3% 2008 231,150,888.87% (July) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar Hyperinflation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar Zimbabwe Economic Overview The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles with an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued official exchange rate, hyperinflation, and bare store shelves. GDP -real growth rate -6.2% estimated in 2008. GDP (official exchange rate): $4,397 billion Note: In 2009 the Zimbabwean dollar was taken out of circulation, making Zimbabwes GDP at the official exchange rate a highly inaccurate statistic.[Source: C/A World Factbook] http://www.country-details.com/africa/zimbabwe-economy.php EXTERNAL INFLUENCES PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS Political policies and legal practices Culture factors Economic forces Geographic influences4.4 Economy factors affecting international business operations OPETATIONS OBJECTIVES STRATEGY MEANS Economy analysis Economic indicators Economy system Economic freedom Transition to a market economy Before Investor decide to invest to any country especial African country always they tried to check of follow Gross National Income (GNP) GNP helps to measure income generated together by total domestic production towards as the international trade production activities of local companies. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) GDP is the broadest measure of economic activity for a country. GDP helps investor to assessing countries in which the output of the multinational sector is a significant share of activity. Improving the Power of GNI GNI is a robust estimator of an economys absolute performance. Here international manager has to be careful because GNI can mislead when he/she tried to compare countries. For example, manager to compare economic power of USA and Tanzania will not give manager a good result. So in order for manager to get good view should adjust it for taken the number of people in that country, their growth rate, and their cost of living also economic sustainability. Per Capital conversion Manager will use this indicator to which helps to explain an economys performance according of number of people who lives in such country. Purchasing Power Parity Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is the number of units of a countrys currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market that one unit of income would buy in the other country. [Daniel, Sullivan et. al 2009pp186-202] 5.0 Effect of Political Instability Opportunities could be caused by political instability 5.1 Conflict resolution and peace building initiatives In terms of conflicts in Africa, many hot spots are recovering, and making big leaps towards peaceful coexistence. Even though there are some pockets of unresolved cases like Somalia, Darfur, Congo and Northern Uganda among others, there are encouraging examples such as Sierra Leone, Rwanda, and Southern Sudan. In this context Africa is undergoing a complex process of multiple transformations. Solution to some of these cases has been found from within, coupled with external support. For this reason, it can be argued that part solution to the conflict situation and political instability in Africa lies in the west. More specifically is for the western governments to address the issue of arms manufacture and sale of arms, weapons to Africa and to address the conduct of their multinational involved in extractive activities at the expense of African lives. On the same breath, we cannot talk of health problems in Africa when countries in the west have not seen the sense and subsequent impl ications of dumping hazardous technologies and products in Africa 5.2 International Trade in Africa Some of the country they take advantage of the political instability situation to make money by doing international business in that such country. In both situations, political change creates systemic risks that impact all firms whose activities are affected by the political system. System changes dont necessarily create political risks that reduce potential profits. Elections and policy shifts can create opportunities for foreign investors. For example in 1990s a newly elected government in Argentina initiated a radical program to deregulate and privatize the countrys state-centered economy. Investors who accepted the risk and pursued the resulting opportunities prospered as Argentina became more democratic. There is one case in our International Business model talk about china. That case trace about the development of China, where political change has created opportunities in several areas, including market potential and performance. This of course, that taking advantage of such at tractive opportunities entails taking risks in a country where political and legal complications still pose roadblocks to profitability.[Daniel, Sullivan et al (2009) pg155] When other countries suffer of political instability, other countries enjoy that situation very much. Lets say country faced political instability and happened there is a war, some of international companies from other country they start to do business by selling guns, and other things which needed in situation like that. The neighbour countries get advantage of when refugee run to them, they get support from international support programme. The people of such neighbour country they will be benefited by get food, clothes, and other human needs thru refugee. However those neighbour countries may suffer due to refugee may transfer the conflict in that country. Unemployment When country faced political instability unemployment rate will be high, and country will not be able to offer job to the people. So when investors who they ready to take risk move to that country will be easy for them gets cheap labor. People they dont have job and they need money means they will do any kind of job to get money. However countries that are unable to create jobs for their citizens create a risky business environment. So investors whose will take risk to invest in such country must take precaution for robbery and thief due to people are desperate to get money. Generally, people out of work and unable to find jobs depress economic growth, create social pressures, and provoke political uncertainty. Inflation Inflation cause rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power. Country in political instability inflation will be high and the investor who doing there they have power to set their price (high) and consumer they dont have choice. Life will be expensive and investor who doing business there are benefited with high price of commodities. People they work to them and get salary and at the end of day they give back that money to them. This is to say foreign will be able to transfer resources to home country indirect. Debt The debt for the country which faced political instability growing because government dont have money, and end up of borrows money from the financial institution. This will be benefit to those countries which hold those financial institutions such as IFM and so on. Income distribution GNI or PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) will be low due is calculate with which income the average person earns. Country with political instability not everyone is average, neither indicator tells us what share of income goes to what segments of the population. So the big share will go to foreigner whose they have big share of money, and this will be benefit to them.[Daniel, Sullivan et. al pp196-203] Production factors move Capital especially short-term capital is the most internationally mobile production factor. In country with political instability companies and private individuals primarily transfer capital because of differences in expected return. This situation cause of transfer capital back home or to another country and will be benefit to foreigners due to some of country when foreigner came to invest, government allow them to make business for the first three years without of paying tax. The countries with political instability foreigner advantage of this situation and invest for only three years without tax and move to another country. This happened because they not secure with political situation. Analyzing Risk In between political instability, one country risk may be another opportunity to other country. For example companies which provide security services such as guard services, alarm systems, insurances and guns may get the big opportunities of sales where the victim country suffer in war.[Daniel, Sullivan et. al (2009)p 502] 6.0 RECOMMENDETION An African countries leader has to make sure political in their country is stable so that FDI can transfer they technology, skill and knowledge to the local people thru International Business.

Use of Polarization in Goodbye, Mr. Chips Essay -- Goodbye, Mr. Chips

Use of Polarization in Goodbye, Mr. Chips  Ã‚   Opposites attract.   James Hilton uses this fact in Goodbye, Mr. Chips to create tension in the story; however, he makes greater use of this polarization to develop the character of Chips.   Mr. Chips and Katherine Bridges may be viewed not only as opposites but also as arguments.   Hilton uses thesis in the form of young Chips and antithesis in the form of Katherine Bridges to arrive at synthesis, the personality and character of the mature schoolmaster. Hilton portrays young Chips as lacking in confidence.   During an interview, Chips, a schoolteacher in his early twenties, admits to Wetherby, the head of Brookfield, that disciplining young boys was not one of his strong points at Melbury, his previous school.   Wetherby counsels Chips that "youth and age often combine well" and offers Chips a second chance at Brookfield, an old established school (4).   At Brookfield Chips assumes a scowl and a no nonsense attitude to cover his inward nervousness.   During the next ten years, Chips realizes that his discipline "although good enough ...

Nectar in a Sieve Discussion Questions

Nectar in a Sieve Inner/Outer Questions Emily Murphy 1st period 8/30/11 1) What is the main character’s name in the book? A: Rukmani 2) What do you think could have happened if Ira was given the medicine the Rukmani had to bear children for her first husband? A: She would have been severely neglected and abused, for he seems to be not a trustworthy man. 3) What is the underlying theme of the importance of fertility? A: In Hindu society, fertility and the ability to take care of children decides how successful a woman will be in a marriage and whether the marriage will last. So, the central idea of fertility is nothing new to books about Hinduism. 4) Can you provide a definition of the title? A: Nectar is the drink of the gods according to the Hindus because it’s savory and sweet. But when you put it in a sieve, the sweetness is lost and it’s no longer a good drink. 5) What is the symbolic meaning for the tannery? A: The tannery is a symbol of urbanization and the outside world coming into their cultural bubble. The whole village is kind of a town luck in time. 6) Identify the problem with the caste system in the setting of the novel. A: Especially in Rukmani’s case, sometimes a girl of a middle or low caste is forced to marry below her caste simply because her family is not financially ready. 7) What evidence is there to support that Rukmani’s parents are not financially stable? A: Rukmani was the fourth daughter born to her parents, so her oldest sister had a lavish wedding lasting for days, which was very expensive. Consequentially, by the time Ruku got married, her wedding was short and plain. 8) What was the turning point in the novel? A: The turning point was definitely when Nathan and Rukmani had to leave their land because the tannery bought it. This is so because everything important to Nathan was in that land, and everything goes downhill from there. 9) What was the author’s purpose for not specifying the exact time and place? A: Markandaya prevents a lot of work and attention on the subject of location. The reader spends more time focused on the story, and the author does not have to worry about correct facts about the location and time period. 10) How are Nectar in a Sieve and Ishmael alike? A: They both point out some of the flaws in humans and their society.

Darlings Chocolate

Why do you think colonel Darling chose sole trader as a form of business organization and when and why might his company have become a partnership. Joshua Darling was a retired army colonel, who returned after the army to Liverpool, where he was born, opened a chocolate factory and set up his own business as a sole trader in July 1933. Why colonel Darling chose a sole proprietorship as a form of business organization? First of all, a sole proprietorship was suitable for his nature as he could be his own boss, lead and motivate people, make independent decisions and be entirely responsible for all aspects of the management of his business.Secondly, after returning from the army to Liverpool, he didn’t have any person to trust in and to help. Thirdly, a sole proprietorship can be set up with little or no money in the business and there are no legal formalities to establish the company. Besides, sole proprietor is not subject to public report and the books reflecting the results of his business were private and competitors wouldn’t use it to their advantages. The colonel’s decision to open the factory came at a time of high unemployment and economic slowdown in Liverpool.Darling used it to his advantages. There was no difficulty in hiring suitable workers, so he could economize paying low wages. Also there was no difficulty for Darling to entry the market. Sales figure showed that his chocolate was the country’s number one choice and almost half the company’s production of the brand was exported. Why was Darling so successful with his chocolate business? The chocolates were of the highest quality and contained only the finest ingredients.And the reason why Darling decided to start a chocolate factory is that he was unsatisfied with the quality of it. That is why, when his wife came out with the idea to establish a chocolate factory he took this opportunity. In 1940 Darling changed the form of his business and entered partnership with his son-in-law who had been in the family for 6 years by that moment and was a person to trust in. Besides, he could invest money into the company and contribute new skills and add a new dimension to the business.Besides, a partnership has many advantages. Firstly, it is easier to multiply sources of capital. Also partnerships often receive favored treatment by the government as well as tax benefits. Secondly, each partner can specialize in each aspect of the business or share the work. To sum up, I can say that in the time of Britain’s largest economic stagnation, colonel Darling managed to set up his own, a profit making business and become successful. When and why might Darlings’ have become LTD, when did it go public, what were the reasons for it?By the time of middle 50-s Darlings’ had become a highly profitable company. Everyone in Britain knew the smiling face of Colonel Darling which was on every box. Sales figures showed that they were the countryà ¢â‚¬â„¢s number one choice. Darlings’ chocolates were more popular than those of other manufacturer because of their quality and prices. That is why almost half â€Å"The Colonel’s Choice† was exported. The company managed to entry international markets, selling products to customers oversees as far as Australia and South America.As the market was becoming more competitive, Darling started to seek ways to expand and increase the company’s profitability and in 1956 decided to become the private limited company. It was suitable for Darling as it is usually family business owned by members of the family or close friends. Other advantages were that, first of all, there are no continuity problems. Darling was becoming older and he wanted to be sure that after his death business would be continued by members of his family.Secondly, it was beneficial for Darling to raise extra capital as there is no limit on the number of shareholders. Thirdly, the shareholdersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ liability is limited to the nominal value of the shares held. In this way, by buying shares, a large number of people could contribute funds to the company without risking all their personal possession. Besides, control of the business cannot be lost to outsiders and shares can be transferred only with the consent of other members of the company.In 1963 Colonel Joshua Darling died and his daughter inherited the Colonel’s majority shareholding and controlling interest. That time the cost of sugar and cocoa rose significantly, the company’s sales started to drop. That is why in 1963 Mrs Windbourne decided to go public. First of all, it is easier to raise capital. Secondly, production costs may be lower as firms may gain economies scale. Thirdly, in case of liquidation of a company, each shareholder only losses the nominal value of his shares, so the property of the owners is immune. Besides, financial institutions are more willing to lend to plcs.

Classical Decomposition Model essays

Classical Decomposition Model essays Classical Decomposition Method for Calloway Golf (1995-1999) For this paper I have gathered quarterly data on the sales of Calloway Golf Company from 1995 to the third quarter of 1999,and will attempt to fit a time series model using the Classical Decomposition Method, which uses a multifactor model shown below: Yt = actual value of the time series at time t The trend component (T) in a time series is the long-run general movement caused by long-term economic, demographic, weather and technological movements. The cyclical component (C) is an influence of about three to nine years caused by economic, demographic, weather, and technological changes in an industry or economy. The seasonal variations (S) are the result of weather and man-made conventions such as holidays. These can occur every year, month week, or 24 hours. The error term (e) is simply the residual component of a time series that is not explained by T, C, and S. There are two general types of decomposition models that can be used. They are the additive and multiplicative decomposition models. Multiplicative: Y = T * C * S * e As you can see above the type of seasonality can be determined by looking at the plot of the data. The determination of whether seasonal influences are additive or multiplicative is usually evident from the plot of the data, but this is not the case with the data for Calloway as you can see from the first graph of the quarterly sales. While it is my pretension that the seasonal influences for Calloway are multiplicative, I will use both methods and compare the two models to determine which is a better fit for the quarterly data for Calloway Golf. In the multiplicative decomposition model, which is the most frequently used model, Y is a product of the four components, T, C, S, and e. C and S are indexes that are proportions centered on 1. Only the trend, T, is measured in the same ...

Educational Dissatainment On The Grounds Of Sex Essays - Free Essays

Educational Dissatainment On The Grounds Of Sex Essays - Free Essays Educational Dissatainment On The Grounds Of Sex Evaluation The results from our observation and from the context analysis of the story clearly support the growing international notion that boys are simply underachieving at school. Whilst many think that boys are achieving no less there is definitely a growth in the gap between the sexes at all levels of education from secondary to primary schooling and possibly even from birth. Ultimately the figures speak for themselves with a noticeable gap being recognized at the age of 7 with girls leading in writing and reading, At 11 the gap then continues with girls out performing boys in all subjects including traditional male topics such as Math and Science. By the time of G.C.S.E results girls are again ahead disproving the idea that boys simply mature later. With girls dominance in traditional male subjects such as C.D.T. as a national survey showed (girls were two thirds better than boys were) and all over the board averaging 8% over the boys at G.C.S.E (Arnot et al, 1996). So what is the future for boys in society, is it possible for them to regain the ground or is it all societies fault? In this explanation we hope to explain some of the sociological theories which have been offered to explain this and ultimately why this gap has grown so suddenly with the help of both named studies and external statistical data. First of all to explain why women are suddenly out striping boys it is important to realise that this may not be a recent phenomenon which has suddenly occurred recently. For many feminists this is the view they have held for some time saying that prior to this growth female students were simply restricted from growing. A change in the female ideology has thus taken place as shown in Sue Sharpes study Just like a Girl in which girls reactions and thoughts on life were recorded in 1976 and later in 1994. From these results she concluded the 1976 pupils were simply worried about love, marriage, husbands, children, jobs, career, in that order whilst in 1994 she highlighted that they were a job, career as power was taken away from the L.E.As (1988-Eductaion Reform Act). The attempts to improve schooling and especially the class and gender differences were then pushed heavily in the introduction of G.C.S.E.s, S.A.T.s and the National Curriculum, which helped created the equality of learn ing originally, suggested in the 1944-Education Act. So the teaching methods also evolved to help women and the choice of subjects was increased so that girls no longer had to choose female subjects such as humanities giving them worse qualification and a lower chance of good jobs. This was shown in the 1980s as women first stepped into the workplace threatening previously safe male jobs in high-earning occupation. Spenders study the Invisible Woman supports this idea that before the previously mentioned legislation women simply suffered at the hands of the education. As supported by our observation this is still evident but now before this offered women little chance of furthering themselves. Spender found a patriarchy in education claiming that the context was both unbalanced and the teaching methods of teachers unfair. Through overt observation (like our test) she found girls received less attention in the class, were not pushed as much and sub consciously taught to be submissive . She also noticed that this was not surprising as all the information is checked and invidulated by men controlling the topics taught by all the country. A point clearly supported in Stanworths: Gender differences in Further Education (which noted the large numbers of men in controlling education faculties and higher paid teaching). So this argument suggests that with more opportunities for women in the

blacks in civil war

blacks in civil war Essay Slavery was abolished in this country over a hundred years ago but the consequences of this dark page in Americas history are felt even today. This site was created to address those consequences, the political, social and cultural life of todays and yesterdays African Americans. What affect did the Civil War have on African Americans in the United States? Were they, as some argued, better off before the Civil War, or do the advances that blacks have made since then proved that the Civil War was indeed the turning point in the lives and opportunities of African Americans? These questions and more will be addressed in the following pagesWhen slaves were purchased off the ships from Africa, they ended up on plantations. The size and location of landholdings depended on the crop and the owner who purchased the slave. Most plantations were of the smaller variety and it was rare for an owner to have more than 20 slaves. Most housed only a handful of slaves, but no matter what the numbers, plantation life was pretty much the same for most slaves. Slaves were usually divided into two groups, the gang crew (usually male and did the field work) and the task crew (usually female and worked in the big house). The workday began around sunrise and always ended before dark except at busy times such as harvest. Slaves were not worked after dark for a number of reasons. First, the owners feared that escape would be easier; second, working after dark was considered an unwarranted burden on the slave; lastly, they believed that it impeded efficiency by reducing the hours of sleep the slave received. This is not to say the slave owners were compassionate. They saw the slaves not as humans but a business investment and only wanted to protect that investment. Slaves were not required to work on Sunday, as it was denounced as irreligious and a flagrant violation of the slaves deserved day of rest. However, they worked every other day, rain or shine. A reasonable days work meant a dai ly chore that while not back-breaking required a brisk pace to finish. Although whites believed that slaves could neither do as much nor continue to work as long as whites, both crews worked anywhere from 12-14 hours a day, with an hour or so for lunch at midday.After a long day in the field or the masters house, slaves were allowed to return to their families, a family much different than those African Americans enjoy today. For the most part, marriages were arranged. To couples in arranged marriages, the idea of falling in love and having children was not even considered. Most slave owners agreed that ideally slave unions should be among the slaves on the same plantation and that marriage should be a way of breeding and promoting morality. The master would most often officiate at the wedding. They were then sent off to their quarters for a couple hours alone together. It was not unusual, and indeed expected, for slave women to have a child every year. Indeed it was not unheard of for slave women to have 25 children in the span of their lives, usually beginning to give birth at 12 or 13 years of age. These children rarely lived with their parents past the age of eight or nine. At this time they were either sold to another plantation or moved into the womens or mens quarters. Some states had laws forbidding taking children nine or under from their mothers, but this law was often ignored and rarely enforce d. All in all, the lack of recognized marriage ties and the constant separation of families through sale, made the slave family a temporary and fly-by-night affair, destined for broken hearts and the auction block. READ: My Life in Milwaukee, Wisconsin EssayScholars generally agree that although slaves were considered something less than human, they were valuable property and thus often lived better than free families. The average slave quarters housed 5.3 persons and consisted of dirt floors, boarded windows, and were usually made of logs. Adult males clothing consisted of four shirts, four pairs of pants, and one or two pairs of shoes. Adult women were issued four dresses per year, and headkerchiefs. Rarely, plantation owners also issued such items as petticoats, socks, underwear, jackets and overcoats. It is also believed that some slaves were allowed to earn a little money outside of the plantation and used this money to supply some of their clothing needs. In 1861 the Civil War began, and African Americans would never be the same again. At first, many whites did not want to arm blacks for fear the blacks would rise against them. As the war raged on and thousands of lives were lost, it became more and more obvious that allowing blacks to fight was the correct course of action. Once blacks were permitted to fight, they did so bravely and with honor. The black man went into the war with one determination, that once learning the use of arms, he would never be again made a slave. This idea created a drive to succeed where others failed, the desire to advance and procure their freedom was all the incentive needed. It is often said that these men were the bravest group ever to fight a war. They were never known to flee the scene of a battle, it was, rather, as much as the white officers could do to restrain them till the order to fire was given. In the end, the Civil War was worth it, for the Emancipation Proclamation was signed into law by A braham Lincoln in 1863 procuring the eventual release of millions of slaves. Blacks were finally free, but a new and difficult challenge awaited them. Family life and living conditions did not change much after the war. However, there were some differences: marriages were recognized and legal, and families could live without the fear of being separated by the sale of another family member. Most African Americans lived in small shacks that were provided for them by the plantation owner that they had a sharecropping agreement with. The shacks were one room houses that were in poor condition and non-insulated. Often, they only had three walls. Most of the families who lived in these shacks consisted of an average of four to five persons. There were also many couples who lived together and were not married. Families relied on their food, clothing, and health care from the plantation owner. Children of African American families were largely uneducated, as there were few schools for the c olored. Few opportunities existed for them to enrich or better their lives or conditions. WORKING CONDITIONSThe vast majority of African Americans in the South following the Civil War worked for the same plantation owners who they had previously called Master. They worked under a condition known as sharecropping. In January 1865, General William T. Sherman issued Special Field Order No. 15, setting aside the Sea Islands Off the Georgia coast and a portion of the South Carolina low-country rice fields for the exclusive settlement of freed people. Each family would receive forty acres of land and the loan of mules from the armythe origin, perhaps, of the famous forty acres and a mule idea that would soon capture the imagination of African Americans throughout the South (Faragher, 514). In this arrangement, the sharecropper would work a given section of plantation land. At the end of the harvest season, the owner would give the worker his share of the crop. Unfortunately for the African Americans, this ideal arrangement almost never worked out as it was designed due to manip ulation of the system by the owner. During the year, the owner provided the worker and his family with housing, as described earlier, food, clothing, and medical care. Then the owner would make the worker pay for these services using his part of the harvest. More often than not, the worker ended up with nothing. Also, there was no system of verification for the worker. When the owner presented the worker with his share of the harvest, the worker had to take the word of the owner that it was the actual share agreed upon.

Marketing Cases Problem Solving Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Cases Problem Solving - Case Study Example A.1. can also try to develop its own tie-ups with the distributors of its product, like the grocery stores and restaurants. For instance, A.1. could concentrate on building up a superior communication network between itself and its distributors and suppliers so that they can understand each others' needs. It is very crucial for A.1. to retain the major percentage of shelf space within grocery stores since this has an express correlation with the sales level of an item. The company can carry out a small research to find out the exact optimal position for its products within the shelf layout. It can then quest for that position to be granted by its distributors. A.1. should guarantee that the situation of its product's kiosks is in elevated traffic areas and that they are easily reached. When the firm is trying to obtain partnerships with restaurants, it should emphasize the fact that "9 out of 10 steakhouses serve A.1." (Kerin and Peterson 631). Also, the display of A.1. Steak Sauce on a table motivates 70% of consumers to think about steak (A.1. Sauce Derives Its Name From Utterance of a King, 15). The firm can also go in for promotion of its product by offering a free product such as a spatula with a bottle of A1. But the firm has to be careful in dealing with such giveaways by announcing that the consumer's who submit their information to the company will only be given the additional product free. A.1 could simultaneously promote its product at the venue and date which Lawry's has chosen for its launch. The company can also try its hands at sponsoring barbeques outside the games venue throughout March Madness. A.1. could also organize barbeques at the exterior of large grocery store chains, such as Publix, predominantly on the Memorial Day weekend. The company normally makes use of around 15% of its operating revenue on advertising (Kerin and Peterson 633). This is a sturdy budget to promote its steak sauce. The firm's should also plan for its advertising goals and it should see to it that the frequency of such ads increases and it get more penetration power. Giving a free spatula would also incite psychological reactions from consumers. Asking the customers to propose their personal information before receiving the free giveaway would help the firm in expanding its customer relationship management database. Carrying on barbeques outside college basketball games throughout March Madness would comprise sufficient exposure for the firm. Finally, the firm could work to package A.1. or use the sauce as an ingredient in other Kraft products in order to enlarge their customer base. For instance, the firm can combine A.1. Steak Sauce with Oscar Meyer meat or Lunchable products. Reference: 1. Kerin, Roger, and Robert Peterson. Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. 11th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. 2. "A.1. Sauce Derives Its Name From Utterance of a King." Metropolitan News-Enterprise 18 Nov 2004 15. 13 Apr 2007 . 3. "Vision and Values." Kraft Foods. 10 Apr 2007. Kraft Foods International. 10 Apr 2007 . Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company Case Analysis The research on Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company gives us a clean picture as to why sometimes one has to keep on constantly

Strategic Alliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Alliance - Essay Example Nike is one of the largest and most popular athletic footwear company, but it not manufacturing even a single shoe. Similarly, Boeing is one of the biggest aircraft manufacturing companies, but it does not manufacture not more than cockpits or wing bits. These companies have entered into strategic alliances with the suppliers to do the manufacturing activities for them. Strategic Alliance is an agreement between the firms for conducting the business activities together. Strategic alliance goes beyond just informal handshake agreements or partnership. It includes lengthy formal contract in which both the parties also exchange the equity and contribute capital to establish a joint venture firm or corporation Strategic alliance means merger of two companies. This is what is generally assumed, but companies are coming up for multi-strategic alliances nowadays. This might be because they are willing to utilize their strengths to controlling the market. For example, a strategic alliance of six companies was formed to develop General Magic Corporation for developing the communication software called Typescript. The companies involved in the strategic alliance are Apple, Motorola, Sony, AT&T, Philips and Matsushita (Longenecker, & TenaLoeza, 2010, p. 224). The large organizations not only form strategic alliance with big organizations but also with the small companies too. The alliances are formed in order to form joint ventures for using their skills and expertise to promote their competitive advantage. It links two business entities, without affecting the independent legal status of the firm or company (Kale, & Singh, 2009, p. 2). Strategic Alliance Trends The strategic alliances have become a superficial form of business practice, which has its primary focus on increasing the credibility of the business through association of one of more companies. It is also done for achieving the strategic objectives of the company, entering into new market, increasing the market share, increasing the delivery capacity of the company, reducing the cost of operation, and introducing innovative products or services in the market. The alliances of the companies nowadays contribute to 20-33 percent of their annual revenue. The companies get the advantage of handling larger order volumes; they get bigger customers and can offer high quality products or services to the customers. It can be seen that the strategic alliances between the companies are growing at a pace of 25 percent annually (Keasler, & Denning, n. d., p. 3). In an alliance, the different department of the whole organization get involved such as the sales, marketing, supply chain, delivery department, etc. SO it can be well assumed that the support of the internal resources is necessary for a

Culture of Caution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Culture of Caution - Essay Example ects of the culture they were raised in to illustrate the various ways in which the Caribbean culture has grown up as a culture of caution, although not necessarily a culture of inaction. One reason for this insecurity is derived from the origins of the islands’ peoples. Their slave origin automatically introduces a strong element of caution in that no one was able to make their own decisions, driven to work hard on the grueling process of raising sugar cane and extracting the sugar with little to no distinction made between male and female workers. All were expected to work their share and then some. Survival was little more than an accident of chance, forcing many to plan two or three steps ahead in terms of taking care of their families or helping their fellow workers. It was this tendency to pool together their resources as a means of hedging against the uncertainty of the future that started the slaves of the islands on the path to revolution. Slave revolts, at first brought on by the extreme conditions and the great majority of slaves to plantation owners present in the islands, eventually brought many new freedoms and opportunities to the slave class, but were insufficient to provide a stable future. Partially driven by the British tendency to select some few promising individuals from among the black population to act as intermediaries, minor functionaries and educators, the subsequent rights and freedoms that were won continued to support the drive for yet further revolts and revolutions as a means of gaining even greater freedoms. Yet these freedoms, such as education, remained available for only a minority of West Indians, as is evidenced in the fact that Colin Powell’s mother, educated at a high school level, was part of only 2 percent of the population that had attained such high levels of academic training. Although Mrs. Powell’s education was higher than the educational levels achieved by many black Americans at the time, this is no

America's intervention in Syria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

America's intervention in Syria - Essay Example America has previously intervened in other crisis like this such as in Egypt and Iraq though Syria’s case has been complicated by failure of China and Russia to adopt a resolution by the United Nation’s Security Council. This paper therefore recommends against military intervention but a diplomatic and politically negotiated solution for the benefit of both Syrians and America. Introduction The uprising in Tunisia ignited the turning point in the leadership of many Arab countries. In what begun within the social media, it is now clear that the uprising in Tunisia was a significant event in the Arab spring. It took only one year since this uprising begun in Tunisia and now Syrians are fighting to overthrow the Damascus regime led by their authoritarian leader Bashar al-Assad. Despite the many deaths that have occurred in other countries such as Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt due to the same fight against dictatorship, innocent Syrians continue to die. It is also important to note that Syrians who are persistently seeking to overthrow the government and Bashar regime has constantly faced severely and violent crackdown from him. The increasing violent attack on Syrians by Bashar regime has not only led to the death of many Syrians, but has presented a serious humanitarian crisis in the nation. . As stated by (), the number of Syrians who have died in the violence stand at seven thousand since the beginning of the violence in March this year. Moreover, the matter has been complicated further by the rejection by China and Russia to adopt a resolution on the matter by the United Nation’s Security Council. Although the certain interventions have been successful in the past like in Libya where dictator Gadhafi was brought down, intervention in Syria is tricky and the feasibility of United States intervention is in question. Background of the Study and History Syria is an Arab nation found along the Eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea within the Middl e East. This nation is very diverse in terms of both ethnicity and religious even though many citizens of the nation are Sunni Arab Muslims. Civilization has taken place in different nations since many years and centuries, however, Syria can be rated as very young in terms of civilization. Although its boarders were drawn over a hundred years ago by the European colony, it has not adopted the modern democracy with regards to national governance. Currently, the nation is in the center of a serious humanitarian crisis resulting from violence between government forces and National Coalition of Revolution and other militia groups (Hasan, 2012). The conflict in Syria begun when the peaceful protesters mainly inspired by revolution in both Tunisia and Egypt begun challenging the dictatorial regime led by Assad in late March 2011 (Unham, 2013). The response from the government was not only severe, but exhibited the highest level of atrocity never witnesses in the country. The government be gun raping, kidnapping, killing and torturing activists as well as their family members. This never deterred many protesters but only served to energize their operations. The government then directed and increased atrocities to small children and women mutilating their bodies and dumping by the roadsides (Unham, 2013). When military begun shooting direct on the protesters, the civilian responded by shooting back thus the fighting escalated from a mere protest into civil war. The year 2012 marked the midst of highest atrocities ever

LLB contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

LLB contract law - Essay Example In other words, a consideration is the benefit to the promissory. Although contracts are only binding on the parties when they are supported by a consideration, the English law allows a person to desert his/her promise to another without recourse. Nevertheless, there have been many incidences where persons end up claiming back their rights after deserting such rights by making promises to the other parties to a contract. Therefore, to help the promisee in such situations, the doctrine of promissory estoppels was developed to prevent people from claiming back the rights they had waived by promising the party to the contract that they are no longer willing to receive consideration either partially or in full in return for making such a move2. In plain, the doctrine of promissory estoppels requires that the promisor must be true and faithful in making a promise. Accordingly, the doctrine bars the promisor from changing the promise that he or she had made to the promisee. Therefore, from the definition, it can be stated that the promissory estoppel acts as an alternative to consideration. This is because, instead of having to provide a consideration for the contract to be enforceable, an aggrieved party can argue promissory estoppel as a defence for a promise made by the promisee in a contract. This is because the doctrine of promissory estoppel prevents the person who has made a promise to reclaim the gratuitous rights that they had given back. In this regard, promissory estoppel doctrine offers an effective defence to an aggrieved promisor in the event that the promisee breaches their promise by reclaiming initial terms of the agreement. This is because the doctrine makes a promise binding to both the parties to the promise without the need of consideration3. Nonetheless, some legal experts have argued that, as much as equitable promissory estoppel can offer effective defence in a contract, the doctrine cannot offer the same defence

Culture of Caution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Culture of Caution - Essay Example ects of the culture they were raised in to illustrate the various ways in which the Caribbean culture has grown up as a culture of caution, although not necessarily a culture of inaction. One reason for this insecurity is derived from the origins of the islands’ peoples. Their slave origin automatically introduces a strong element of caution in that no one was able to make their own decisions, driven to work hard on the grueling process of raising sugar cane and extracting the sugar with little to no distinction made between male and female workers. All were expected to work their share and then some. Survival was little more than an accident of chance, forcing many to plan two or three steps ahead in terms of taking care of their families or helping their fellow workers. It was this tendency to pool together their resources as a means of hedging against the uncertainty of the future that started the slaves of the islands on the path to revolution. Slave revolts, at first brought on by the extreme conditions and the great majority of slaves to plantation owners present in the islands, eventually brought many new freedoms and opportunities to the slave class, but were insufficient to provide a stable future. Partially driven by the British tendency to select some few promising individuals from among the black population to act as intermediaries, minor functionaries and educators, the subsequent rights and freedoms that were won continued to support the drive for yet further revolts and revolutions as a means of gaining even greater freedoms. Yet these freedoms, such as education, remained available for only a minority of West Indians, as is evidenced in the fact that Colin Powell’s mother, educated at a high school level, was part of only 2 percent of the population that had attained such high levels of academic training. Although Mrs. Powell’s education was higher than the educational levels achieved by many black Americans at the time, this is no

LLB contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

LLB contract law - Essay Example In other words, a consideration is the benefit to the promissory. Although contracts are only binding on the parties when they are supported by a consideration, the English law allows a person to desert his/her promise to another without recourse. Nevertheless, there have been many incidences where persons end up claiming back their rights after deserting such rights by making promises to the other parties to a contract. Therefore, to help the promisee in such situations, the doctrine of promissory estoppels was developed to prevent people from claiming back the rights they had waived by promising the party to the contract that they are no longer willing to receive consideration either partially or in full in return for making such a move2. In plain, the doctrine of promissory estoppels requires that the promisor must be true and faithful in making a promise. Accordingly, the doctrine bars the promisor from changing the promise that he or she had made to the promisee. Therefore, from the definition, it can be stated that the promissory estoppel acts as an alternative to consideration. This is because, instead of having to provide a consideration for the contract to be enforceable, an aggrieved party can argue promissory estoppel as a defence for a promise made by the promisee in a contract. This is because the doctrine of promissory estoppel prevents the person who has made a promise to reclaim the gratuitous rights that they had given back. In this regard, promissory estoppel doctrine offers an effective defence to an aggrieved promisor in the event that the promisee breaches their promise by reclaiming initial terms of the agreement. This is because the doctrine makes a promise binding to both the parties to the promise without the need of consideration3. Nonetheless, some legal experts have argued that, as much as equitable promissory estoppel can offer effective defence in a contract, the doctrine cannot offer the same defence

United States Navy Essay Example for Free

United States Navy Essay The United States Navy, a branch of the United States armed forces are dedicated in serving the nation and ensuring the safety of its citizens by guarding the nation from its enemies that may come through bodies of water or by seas. In order to do so, it is important for the USN to have a large number of marines which is one of the goals of the navy, to produce strong naval forces. There are over 335,000 personnel of the navy today operating about 280 ships. Not only is the navy strong because of its number but also because of the hard training given to every marine. For this reason, USN marines are known not only for their skills in battle but also for their discipline which is a very important and admirable characteristic of the USN. The USN ensures that their personnel are disciplined enough and went through rigorous training in every aspect of their personality, not only physically but mentally as well. Another important factor in becoming a USN marine is to have the passion and desire to serve the nation and the people of the State. USN marines are willing to sacrifice even their own lives in order to ensure peace and safety in the community that they are serving. Because of this great commitment and sacrifice that the marines are offering to the country, it can be said that there is a lot of benefits that one could get by being a member of the US navy. The Navy it self are responsible and really does take care of its sailors. It ensures that the sailors are in good condition especially when it comes to physical health by giving medical and many other benefits to its sailors. In order to become a sailor of the USN, there are a lot of things required. The very first thing that is needed is to be a citizen of the state. However, there are rules that can be followed for those who are non US citizens. A non-US citizen can be a member of the USN provided that he or she is legally residing in the United States. Also, it is a requirement that the individual has a â€Å"Green Card†. Other qualifications for US citizens must also be met such as being between 17 to 35 years of age and must meet the standard of the Navy when it comes to moral, mental and physical standard. Another important consideration is that the person must be able to read, write and speak English fluently. The Navy it self makes it sure that the requirements and their standard for accepting applicants are met. There maybe several qualifications that are needed in becoming a navy, however these requirements are to make sure that their personnel are able to protect the country and its citizens together with their interest. It can also be said that the US Navy is professional when it comes to applicants. The commitment and discipline can also be seen. When it comes to privacy, the Navy is really strict in enforcing their rules and ensuring that their personnel keep their privacy guidelines. One of the most important questions that must be addressed is the reason for wanting to be a member of the USN. The Navy also ensures that questions given to the applicant are necessary and proper. This is also a way of showing the integrity and disciplined of our Marines. This is also another distinction of the US Navy with many companies around the world. Their professionalism is maintained together with their dignity and discipline in whatever they do. It is rest assured that every question asked to an applicant is important and necessary in the field and for the evaluation of the application. Some may find the agreement to be somehow demanding when it comes to rendering service to the nation; however this is really important in becoming a member of a well disciplined and respected group. Marines are selfless in a sense since their main priority is not their own lives and sake but rather the sale of the people and of the nation as a whole. They are willing to sacrifice their own interest and lives as well to protect the people and their interest. There are really so many admirable features of the US Navy marines, their loyalty and respect for the country together with their dedication and persistence on their service to the nation. It is also a characteristic of the USN to excel in many things especially when it comes to discipline and faithfulness. Truly, the United States Navy deserves our full support and respect. Works Cited Citysearch. U. S. marine corporation. 2008. 21 January 2008 http://seattle. citysearch. com/profile/34967185/seattle_wa/us_marine_corporation. hm l Corbett, Sara. `The Womens War. ` The New York Times (March 18, 2007). January 21, 2008 http://www. nytimes. com/2007/03/18/magazine/18cover. html. Navy. Navy benefits. (no date). 21 January 2008 http://www. navy. com/sitemap/ United States Marine Corporation. Marines. 2008. 21 January 2008 http://www. marines. com/page/usmc. jsp? pageId=/forms/processLead. doflashRedirect =true

The Dependency Of Technology

The Dependency Of Technology Throughout history, mankind have been developing different types of technologies that allow him to simplify and enhance his lifestyle, since ancient times humans were developing new technologies to help them in activities to use a smaller amount of time and more do it more easily. Over the centuries, these rudimentary technologies were improved, and new ones have emerged in some cases replaced earlier technologies and others who came to meet new needs. These new technologies introduced at the same time, changes in the socio-cultural practices; therefore the world has begun to be characterized mainly by presenting a rapid development of technologies that enable the ease of communication. But the very rapidity of these has also generated a significant impact on society; this can be observed in the young people who excessively use specific technologies such as cell phones and the Internet, to the point that we are talking about a possible dependence of these new tools. The technology se ctor lives in constant motion. Each year we see more and better products and services that facilitate our daily and professional life and no doubt, in the coming decades we will see newer developments in this area. Most people who live in this world make use of new technologies, but we must consider a little that these new technologies not only have a positive side, but also a negative side. Most people only see the positive side of this and the fact that they can count on technologies such as social network and mobile phones that contain everything that a person needs to communicate; this has made us dependent of these new technologies. It sounds terribly dramatic, but the truth is that if we do not use one of these media for one day, we would not be satisfied. Maybe we should ask ourselves this question: are we dependent on new technologies? There are many advantages that technological advances have brought, but we must think that we have to pay as users of this new technology. Technological dependence is clearly seen when we look around and realize that we are surrounded by technological advances ranging from mobile phones, computers, ipod, and television; that have become part of our common lives causing in us a certain dependence. Technological development has grown at considerable speed and the consequences on society, countries and individuals are enormous. Technological development has a unique course we cannot alter, nor stop; It defines our lives. In the present, technological change is determined by a few large multinational corporations that in turn influence the behavior of consumers by advertising, so the consumer is directed to where they want. For example, for the people that must be continuously checking their e-mail; cell phones were invented, which already have mobile internet so that they can connect at any time and anywhere. Another example of how consumerism is relate to new technologies is the company Apple who release every years a new iphone and consumers often are content to upgrade for even the smallest improvementsa phenomenon that many people attribute to Apples advertising acumen. (Rachael Duane) It is important to emphasize that the same consumerism perceived by the people today in everyday life; it is the same that induces to the purchase of new and improved artifacts focused more than anything else as a whim and not as a necessity. The gap between consumption and need becomes increasingly close and more difficult to discern. At first glance, one might have the tendency to dismiss such aberrant cell phone use as merely youthful nonsense a passing fad. But an emerging body of literature has given increasing credence to cell phone addiction and similar behavioral addictions. (Roberts and Pirog). Technology is a means that on one hand brings us many advantages, but in the other hand, we have to establish that the use of artifacts such as the Internet and mobile phones are becoming of excessive use in young people, for Roberts and Pirog it is definite that all these artifacts are becoming a way of life for each one of them, and they say that the same young people are at a stage where they will become addicts to this devices if they do not know how to control themselves. They argue further that technology isolates people because it is now very common to see how many hours are devoted young to be on the network, because humanity is involved in a technological world, thats where people are starting to talk about the term technophile which is becoming more common every day. In addition several people are starting to consider technology dependency as any unhealthy dependency such as alcoholism or drug addiction. Jane Demerica thinks the opposite to what is set out in the article of Roberts and Pirog she says, that these new technologies are extremely beneficial for all and that it is difficult to speak of dependence in these technologies. New technologies in communication are optimal for better knowing people and expand the social circle. Meeting new friends- Shy kids can make new friends on the internet. (Jane Demerica) She also claims to have solved the problems of introversion and even ensures that parents feel reassured that their children are talking to friends who already know and are under supervision to help lower the risk. Another point where she is in favor is the mobile phones because she mentions, Cell phones make it easier for parents to keep track of their children. (Jane Demer ica) It can be seen that the technologies have a great potential to enhance and change the education system, which can break the prevailing cultural patterns so that technology does not bring so many prejudices and steers away from becoming a dependency. When schools in different parts of the state, country or world connect, students can meet their counterparts through video conferencing without leaving the classroom. (William McCoy). According to him, there is no abuse of technology rather this is the current key of teaching so children and youth should be therefore more exposed to the media. As a source of information the Internet provides immediate access to almost all knowledge collected by mankind in the history of civilization. In times where knowledge is power, access to the Internet puts a person in complete advantage over those who do not. With the internet a person can read the latest news on different topics, obtain information on employment opportunities, find out the latest f ashion trends, and learn from the written responses of millions of people in specialized forums and blogs. The downside is that many people infringe copyright because they are tempted by so much information and end up copying and pasting text and then present them as their own. This promotes laziness and dishonesty. Also, many people take advantage of the vast amount of personal information available on the Internet to blackmail or steal identities. Deferring to the thoughts of Demerica and McCoy. Psychologist Patricia Greenfield indicates that technology is causing the loss of critical thinking in students. She states that because of the incredible boom that technologies have on societies can begin to talk about the concept of dependence on technology, estimates that there are already hundreds incidents of Internet dependency. Although she is not totally disagree with the new technologies, she indicates to use both As students spend more time with visual media and less time with pr int, evaluation methods that include visual media will give a better picture of what they actually know. (Greenfield ). Addiction is increasing, it is giving following alteration in social and physical habits of young people and identifies these as other addictions, producing anxiety about being in touch with a computer and the need to be using it every minute, so that has made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a huge gap between use and abuse. Another person who is in favor with the views of Roberts and Pirog with regard to the mobile phones is Josip Ivanovic who says Teens natural tendency to follow trends may result in an emotional attachment to a cell phone (in its latest model) that is out of scale with its actual value. (Ivanovic) It can be said that many people, especially young people tend to use this device in a manner disproportionate, making it an addiction. Most people overuse the cell, nowadays users cannot leave it off for minutes, and if so they tend to turn it on a fter a short time to check for text messages or voice mails. People who are dependent of cell phones need to feel their devices in their hands, otherwise they will not feel good and this will generate anxiety, stress or despair. This new addiction attack to hundreds of people, and the worst thing of all is that they do not realize that they are addicted because they see it as something normal. The overuse of cell phones has become a social problem for tens of thousands of Americans not much different than other harmful addictions. (qtd in Chris Knippers) In addition, cell phone addiction can cause serious damage to the home environment; because it causes alienation when a member moves away to make a call or send a text message this generates a detachment of the family environment. We live in times where the use of technology is applied in every aspect of the society, which explains the technological dependence in which we live. Nowadays society applies new technology almost anywhere such as scientifically, socially and financially, But as a foundation for an important enconomic pillar in our country, I suspect were pushing the envelope of sane thinking. There is no such thing as an unhackable computer system. There is no such thing as a 24/7/365 computer system. (John M. Grohol). For example, if we go to the bank and the system goes down we cannot do anything because all the information about the clients is stored online; If a person wants to be served in any unit of government health, he has to make an appointment, but if it is rush hour in which all users want to make an appointment, the system will flood, and they wont be able to handle the appointment. Other problem could be if a system fails Because hospital systems are so complex, and require the careful integration of disparate, specialized software and hardware systems, single component downtime can greatly interrupt workflow. (Campbell, Guappone, Ash) New technologies have entirely changed the way of life of young people. In some respects very much improved. For example, in order to perform the school work children have to use a computer to do some research. In the last few years there has been a considerable advance in the technology, each time improving more what we already have, which is beneficial to our quality of life. The problem is that goes awry and creates addiction among children and adolescents, and presently technology can be considered as a drug. At first, results from the ease of communications appear valuable because it helps people to communicate with others who are far away, but if this trend persists, people who use this technology often will isolate. Young adults who use Facebook more frequently show more signs of psychological disorders, including antisocial behavior, mania and aggressiveness. (Larry Rosen). An example of this is Facebook where more and more people spends hours attached to this virtual community, and thus ignore their interpersonal relationships in the real world. For young people, I believe that new technologies have become a property of first need that gives them independence with respect to the outside world. Some of the things that stand out are the media such as television, social networks, the consoles such as the video games, mobile phones, the Internet, and photos and videos from digital cameras. This has caused a radical change in the socialization and how they relate. The presence and contact now have become a thing of the past. Friendships are now not visible by the use of technologies. For example, with the use of Facebook many people can meet new friends. The advantages that young people see in the new technologies are many and varied. For example, in social networks allows them to have a continuous communication. They can choose a person to talk or keep hidden until they feel confident most of the time they use it at home where they feel safe and uninhibited, which causes parents to lose and control of their children. These technologies also have an impact on family relations, creating privacy for the children, which is hardly controllable by the parents, because most of the population now has a computer at home with internet access. The computer is a useful tool in everyday life as it helps us to make academic work and non-academic work. Although it is a very important tool in our daily lives today we have also become very dependent on it because we can not do anyt hing if we do not have a computer, this mainly happens because our environment demands the use of this tool each day at work or school, and nobody denies that it is a very useful tool for everyday tasks, but when a person rely on something that is what we dread to think what will happen when this technology is not around us. From a computer with internet connection a person can buy anything, from books to a house. There is no need that could not be met with the Internet and a credit card with funds. Someone with Internet connection could live his entire live without having to leave his home. This also means that the Internet offers an endless variety of business opportunities, from basic Web page creation, sales of traditional products, to even sales of stranger things. The negative side of these are of course spam, phishing, and other forms of fraud; through which unscrupulous people look for to get rich quick. Fraud can also come from the buyers side, because many thieves of credi t cards use the Internet to make purchases under the name of their victims, emptying their bank accounts and ruining their reputation. In conclusion, technology is a phenomenon that surrounds us all with artifacts and technical devices on a daily basis, is an element that is maintained for the length of time and we remain equally or more wrapped up in a technological world that teaches us a new way of learning, and adaptation. Technological dependence is part of our lives because nowadays no one is free of this phenomenon on the global level. An example of this are the universities which indirectly involve students in this system, the same applies to jobs or simply with the Chat, which is limiting personal relations, replacing them with virtual communication. All this becomes dependence when individuals cannot perform their daily activities without the use of some device, or better said function in society without occupying any technological tool. Historically, technology has been used to meet basic needs such as food, clothing, and housing. But also for other negative purposes such as, create weapons to persuade an d dominate people. Technological activity affects the social and economic progress, but also produced the deterioration of our environment. Technologies can be used to protect the environment and prevent the growing needs cause depletion or degradation of material and energy resources of our planet. Avoiding these negative aspects is the task not only of governments, but of all the people living on the planet. Although technology has a number of disadvantages, I think the advantages of these are more favorable to mankind. In fact, one could say that without sustainable development of the technology, the humans would not be more than an ordinary living being on this planet. The inventions of man are indicators of the cognitive evolution of the same, and in their eagerness to learn, can overcome evolutionary barriers such as adaptability to certain climates, and defense against diseases. Unfortunately, it is man who decides how to use it. Certain types of men see technology as weapons for war, others as tools that help us improve the quality of life of the species.

Perraults Puss in Boots :: Perrault Puss Boots Essays

Perrault's "Puss in Boots" Perrault's "Puss in Boots" is the charming tale of a boy who is delivered into good fortune through the clever cunning of his cat, and this story carries with it a basic plot, structure and theme commonly found in works of this genre. In fairy tales, one of the basic characteristics of a story line is its general involvement with some type of initial difficulty, usually made known to the reader in the introduction. As a result, the main character or characters of the story are compelled to seek a final resolution to the situation (Bruti). Perrault follows this formula, and begins his tale by presenting the dilemma of a young boy who must make his way in the world following the death of his father, his only inheritance being that of a cat. Having outlined the challenge facing the main character, the story proceeds to the next part of the story, the opening. It is at this point in the story where the main character is often given something, such as an object, or advice from another character to assist him or her in the completion of their transformation (Morris). In most instances, the support given acts as a catalyst and spurs the hero or heroine into action. In "Puss in Boots", the cat plays the role of an assistant to the orphaned boy, but with one slight inversion to the traditional story line. In this case, the cat not only offers words of consolation and advice to the boy, he also initiates the action leading up to the final resolution and transformation of the hero. Normally, a more common version of this theme would have the Miller's son carry out the plan of action, not his advisor. Traditionally in most fairy tales, the action occurring within the story moves along at a very quick pace, and it provides the basis for conflict and suspense. This is accomplished through the "use of repetition both in expressions and events" (Bruti). Generally the plot is based on a cycle of three recurrences, with each event acting as an episode or sub-story within the general story, and this pattern of three is often repeated one or more times throughout the story depending on the complexity of the tale (Morris). Following in the path of tradition, Perrault's tale also employs the use of repetition, with events occurring in patterns of three.

True Freedom in Lawrences Aaron’s Rod Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"They had got outside the castle of so-called human life. Outside the horrible, stinking castle of human life. A bit of true, limpid freedom.† ~ Florence, Aaron's Rod) 'Aaron’s Rod' concludes the central theme that D. H. Lawrence took up in 'The White Peacock', 'The Trespasser', 'The Lost Girl', and 'Mr. Noon': the idea of true human freedom. What makes Aaron’s Rod exceptional is the way it transforms the notion of love, regarded as the savior of human soul from the tyranny of social obligations. In his previous novels, Lawrence depicted characters that are fed up with their forced ways of social life. They are helplessly seeking a relationship that offers spontaneity, in harmony with their inner self, the depth of their soul. There is always only one answer to the question ‘How?’ and that is love. They break the existing social bonds and make new love relationships with varying results from a satisfied marriage (The Lost Girl) to suicide (The Trespasser). Contrarily, Aaron’s Rod takes a line that is overtly slanted against love as the true path of human freedom. It challenges the very notion of love as something c onsistent with the needs of the human soul. It even poses the question ‘what is true love?’ The first three chapters clearly poise 'Aaron’s Rod' against the mechanical mode of life in an increasingly industrialized society. Aaron Sisson is the Secretary at a colliery. He has to work till late in the evening and has an unsatisfactory marriage. His reaction to his suffocating emotional life is seen on Christmas Eve when he goes to bring his daughters some candles. Instead of returning home, Aaron spends the night at the Bricknells. He tells Josephine, â€Å"My wife has made up her mind she loves me, and she’s not going ... ...he way one of them becomes an eagle and the other its prey. Secondly, does the inner, deeper self of the man, one that enables him to become himself, survive the chains of social bondage? Lawrence is optimistic here just as he has been in The Lost Girl and The Rainbow. The reader sees Aaron shocked at the splitting of his flute in a bomb blast made by the anarchists. On Lilly’s asking, he throws the broken rod into a stream. Lawrence speaks through Lilly the most precious words: â€Å"It’ll grow again. It’s a reed, a water-plant. You can’t kill it.† Man’s soul is always living, breathing, and waiting for the vital ecdysis that gives it the power to come out and rule itself. In Lilly’s words, â€Å"We must either love or rule. And once the love-mode changes, as change it must, for we are worn out and becoming evil in its persistence, then the other mode will take place in us.†